Types of Glasses

  • There are 8 Types of glass: 
    1. Soda lime silicate glass (Soft glass)
    2. Potash – lime silicate glass: (Hard Glass)
    3. Lead silicate glass or flient glass:
    4. Boro—Silicate (pyrex or jena) Glass 
    5. Aluminosilicate glass:
    6. Virtresil (99.5%  silica glass)
    7. Safety  glass:
    8. Optical Glasses (Crooke’s Glasses)


    1)  Soda lime silicate glass (Soft glass)
    Represented as – Na2O.CaO.6SiO2
    Used as electric bulbs, Bottles, Window glasses.


    2)  Potash – lime silicate glass: (Hard Glass)
    Approximate composition is  K2O.CaO.6SiO2 used as chemical appratus, compustion tubes etc…
    Costlier and stand with high temperature.


    3)  Lead silicate glass or flient glass:
    Represent as K2O.PbO6SiO2 (Expensive)
    High lead containing glasses have high refractive index
    Used as protective shields  in medical and atomic energy fields.


    4)  Boro—Silicate (pyrex or jena) Glass :
    Contains about B2O3 13% , alimina 2% and silica 80-87%.
    Has superior resistance to shock, high electrical resistance and high electrical resistance and high chemical stability.
    used as packing  dishes, laboratory glass wares, insulators  and television tubes etc.


    5)  Aluminosilicate glass:
    approximate composition is
    SiO2 55%, Al2O3 22.5% =, B2O3 7%, MgO 9%, CaO 5% and Na2O + K2O 1%

    Possess high softening temperatures.
    Used as high pressure mercury tubes, Chemical combustion tubes, domestic equipment etc.


    6)  Virtresil (99.5%  silica glass)
    Produces by heating pure sand.
    Melting point about  1750’C.
    Thermal expansion is lowest.
    Also know as clear silica glass.
    Used as chemical plant furnace, chemical laboratory wares, electrical insulting material etc.  

    7)  Safety  glass:
    Made by taking two or three flat sheets of glass and in btwn them alternative thin layer of vinyl plastic. Used as automobile and aeroplane industries etc.

    8)  Optical Glasses (Crooke’s Glasses):
    Contains Phosphorous and lead silicate, together with a little cerium oxide.
     Capable of absorbing ultra-violet light.
     Used as making lenses.

    9)   Polycrystalline Glass : (Pyroceram)

     Produced by adding one or more nuvleating agents to conventional glass batch.
     It exhibits high strength and hardness.

    10)   Toughened glass

     Used as window shields of fast moving vehicles (like cars, turck, aeroplane) in furnace and automatic doors etc.
     Made by dipping articles still hot in an oil-bath.
     This is more elastic and capable of withstanding mechanical and thermal  shocks.


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